DTIC ADA188056: HP-9020C/AN/UYK-43 Study.

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TD 1164

NAVAL OCEAN SYSTEMS CENTER

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E. G. SCHWEIZER, CAPT, USN
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R. M. HILLYER

Technical Director

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HP-9020C/AN/UYK-43 Study

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42

The purpose of this analysis is to provide a high level presentation of the issues of performance reliability,
maintainability, availability (RMA), and survivability as they pertain to the procurement of commercial desk-top
computers (DTCs) for mission critical applications.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION/

PARAGRAPH TITLE PAGE

1 INTRODUCTION . 1-1

1.1 Purpose . 1-1

1.2 Scope . 1-1

1.3 Background . 1-1

1.4 Assumptions . 1-3

1.5 Issues . 1-3

2 HP-9020C AND AN/UYK-43 CHARACTERISTICS . 2-1

2.1 General . 2-1

2.2 HP-9020C Description . 2-1

2.2.1 HP-9020C System Architecture . 2-1

2.2.2 HP-9020C Operating Systems . 2-6

2.2.3 HP-9020C Operational Characteri sties . 2-6

2.2.3. 1 Portability . 2-6

2. 2. 3. 2 Cooling . 2-8

2. 2. 3. 3 Fault Isolation . 2-8

2.3 AN/UYK-43 Description . 2-8

2.3.1 AN/UYK-43 System Architecture . 2-10

2.3.2 AN/UYK-43 Operating System . 2-12

2.3.3 AN/UYK-43 Operational Characteristics . 2-12

2.3.3. 1 Portability . 2-12

2. 3. 3. 2 Cooling . 2-13

2. 3. 3. 3 Fault Isolation . 2-13

3 MEASURES OF EFFECTIVENESS . 3-1

3.1 Reliability . 3-1

3.2 Maintainability . 3-1

3.3 Availability . 3-2

3.4 HP-9020C RMA Issues . 3-3

4 MILITARY STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS . 4-1

5 CANDIDATE TEST METHODS . 5-1

5.1 Temperature Non-Op . 5-2

5.2 Temperature/Altitude Op . 5-4

5.3 Relative Humidity . 5-4

5.4 Altitude Non-Op . 5-5

5.5 Vibration . 5-5

5.6 Bounce, Loose Cargo . 5-6

5.7 Shock, Pulse Level . 5-6

5.8 Bench Handling . 5-6

5.9 Shock, High Impact . 5-7

5.10 Fungus Resistance . 5-7

5.11 Salt Fog . 5-7

5.12 Transit Drop . 5-8

i

TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont)

SECTION/

PARAGRAPH TITLE PAGE

6 CONCLUSION . 6-1

6.1 Test Approachs . 6-1

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURES TITLE PAGE

2-1 HP-9020C Computer Set Physical Layout . 2-5

2-2 Computer Set Physical Layout . 2-9

LIST OF TABLES

TABLES TITLE PAGE

2-1 HP-9020C / AN/UYK-43 Characteristics Comparison .... 2-2

2-2 HP-9020C Cycle and Execution Rates . 2-7

2-3 Fully Populated Computer Configuration . 2-11

4- 1 Developmental Standards for Electronic/Digital

Equipment . 4-2

5- 1 Environmental Test . 5-3

j i i

F

SECTION 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 PURPOSE

The purpose of this analysis is to provide a high-level presentation of
the issues of performance reliability, maintainability, availability (RMA),
and survivability as they pertain to the procurement of commercial desk-top
computers (DTCs) for mission critical applications.

1.2 SCOPE

The analysis will describe the basic characteristics of the Navy
standard computer (AN/UYK-43) and a commercial DTC, the Hewlett-Packard
HP-9020C. An overview of the MIL-STDs, MIL-SPECs, and MIL-HDBKs, that estab¬
lish requirements for developing digital equipment that qualify for full-MIL
designation is presented. Issues such as RMA and survivability are examined.
Finally, candidate environmental tests that are applicable to DTC’s qualify¬
ing as Type III, Class IV, enclosure style B equipment are described.

1.3 BACKGROUND

In 1982, the Chief of Naval Operations (0P-945D) sponsored a Desk-Top
Computer (DTC) program to provide a common Fleet standard hardware system for
tactical decision support. The program was non-devel opmental and therefore;
TEMPEST certification and adherence to MILSPEC were waived for the hardware.
These actions were taken because large numbers of DTCs were already employed
in the Fleet to support operations planning and to provide tactical decision
aids. Also the need to standardize became apparent. A contract was awarded
during FY84 by NAVELEX (N0039-84-D-0370) for the lease and/or purchase of
DTCs. The selected hardware was the Hewlett-Packard 9000 family of
compatible workstations. The HP-9836U and the HP-9020A were authorized for

1-1

procurement, but the HP-9020C, a newer more capable DTC of the same family is
becoming more prevelant in the Fleet and test bed sites, and therefore, was
chosen for this analysis.

The Navy’s use of standard digital computers at sea began in the late
1950' s with the installation of the Naval Tactical Data System (NTDS) featur¬
ing the AN/USQ-20(V) [CP-642]. Over the past three decades additional Navy
standard computers such as the AN/UYK - 7 ( V ) and the AN/UYK-20(V) have been
introduced to meet the Navy’s tactical and strategic data processing needs.
These computers and their newest replacements, the AN/UYK - 43 ( V ) and the
AN/UYK-44(V) , attained the status of Navy standard computers by meeting
government specified requirements for program management, configuration
management, design, development, construction, testing, maintenance and
documentation as described in applicable Military Standards (MIL-STD),
Military Specifications (MIL-SPEC), Federal Standards, Department of Defense
(DoD) requirements and TEMPEST requirements.

The U.S. Navy is continuing to expand its use of standardized computer
technology in support of tactical operations. There are many major programs
such as the Flag Data Display system (FDDS), Advanced Combat Direction System
(ACDS), Antisubmarine Warfare Module (ASWM) and a number of others that
currently or in the future will employ standard computers (e.g., AN/UYK-43).
All of these programs are directed toward meeting specific Fleet requirements
today and in the future.

The process of complying with government requirements adds significantly
to the time and cost of developing a computer system and to its introduction
into the Fleet. In order to expedite the introduction of Automated Data
Processing (ADP) to support tactical operations, the Hewlett-Packard 9000
family of DTCs and a variety of software packages have been and are being
developed for specific tactically related applications. Examples are the
Prototype Ocean Surveillance Terminal (POST), the Joint Operational Tactical
System (JOTS), the Communications and Planning Support (COPS) program, and
the Integrated Tactical Decision Aid (ITDA) system.

The current high level of technological development and capabilities of
the DTCs, their comparative low cost and their ease/quickness of deploy¬
ability has lead program managers to consider their suitability for critical
missions. One major obstacle to their deployment is the issue of survivabil¬
ity. Computer systems supporting critical missions are required to meet
specified levels of survivability. These levels have been defined as full-
MIL qualified systems. Obviously, commercial DTC’s either do not meet these
requirements or are not tested to prove their compliance with MIL standards.
Some proponents of the DTC’s question whether the MIL-SPEC levels of surviv¬
ability are excessive. They ask, why pay extra in terms of dollars, effort,
and time for survivability features that enable the equipment to withstand
battle conditions that their human operators cannot endure? The DTC’s are an
unknown quantity. No independently verified data exists that quantifies a
level of survivability for DTCs. If the DTCs are to be considered for use in
critical missions this data must be obtained so that rational fact based
decisions can be made about DTC viability in mission critical applications.

1.4 ASSUMPTIONS

a. The AN/UYK-43 has met all MIL-STD and MIL-SPEC requirements per¬
taining to its acceptance as a Navy standard computer.

b. The HP-9020C is a commercial "off-the-shelf" product. Its charac¬
teristics and capabilities have not been independently verified, and
therefore; all statements of fact made about the HP-9020C are drawn
from vendor promotional materials.

1.5 ISSUES

A number of issues surfaced during the preparation of this study. On
the whole they relate to the impact of using or not using DTCs for specific
developmental programs and the resulting budget, schedule, and risk impact.
Programs already using DTCs have proven that they are cost effective, rapidly
deployable, and easily modified to accommodate new operational requirements.

1-3

The DTC reliability, maintainability, and availability have been satisfactory
in today’s peacetime environment. Therefore, DTC-based efforts are loath to
change to MIL-STD equipment. It is plausible that lessons and program logic
from DTC applications may transition to MIL-STD systems.

On the other hand, MIL-STD programs with mission critical functions
raise the unanswered questions of DTC reliability in a shooting environment.
These developers are willing to use DTCs as interim augmentation measures,
but not as the core system for mission critical functions.

An issue that delayed the study and reduced its impact is the proprie¬
tary nature of DTCs. Several attempts were made to obtain DTC test data and
RMA statistics from the DTC maker and its Navy vendor, without results.
Researchers were advised that both the original test data and current RMA
data (if available) were considered properietary . Therefore, even though the
manufacturer ’ s tests are discussed below, there is no assurance as to the
independence, verifiability, repeatability, or sufficiency of the testing.

One method is resolving these issues of DTC capabilities would be to
conduct some independent, verifiable and fully documented experiments and
testing. At a minimum, the tests completed by the manufacturer can be
completed. Another approach to determining DTC RMA would be a centralized
effort to collect current performance and maintenance data. This would
identify common failures, necessary preventive procedures and an estimated
measure of availability. A third approach to resolving DTC RMA issues would
be to ruggedize the DTC system so that it can demonstrate compliance with a
number of environmental and electromagnetic interference issues.

Several lessons are clear. The DTC is here to stay due to its rapid
response to Fleet needs and reasonably portable nature. As DTCs become ever
more powerful , they will eclipse the current generation of MIL-STD computers
in terms of both cost and performance. There are impressive gains to be made
in using DTCs as interim prototype systems until formal acquisitions provide

1-4

similar MIL-STD capabilities; however, if DTCs are susceptible to shock,
vibration and other environmental problems of a shooting war, then it may be
unwise to rely on them for mission critical functions.

1-5

SECTION 2

HP-9020C AND AN/UYK-43 CHARACTERISTICS

2.1 GENERAL

The physical characteristics and functional capabilities of the full-MIL
AN/UYK-43 standard computer and the HP-9020C commercial DTC are summarized in
Table 2-1. The table enables a side-by-side comparison of the two types of
computers. More detailed descriptions are provided in subsequent paragraphs.

2.2 HP-9020C DESCRIPTION

The HP-9020C is a commercially available multiple (3) processor, 32-bit
desktop computer designed to support scientific and engineering applications.
It is packaged as an integrated workstation complete with keyboard, printer,
mass storage, and graphics display all mounted in a desktop configuration.
Figure 2-1 is a typical HP-9020C configuration.

This basic configuration can be enhanced by adding any of several
peripheral devices offered by Hewlett-Packard. These include: disc drives
with 24 and 55 Mbytes of capacity, a series of ink-jet printers (recommended
for applications which require a large volume of printing), a 1/4" tape cart¬
ridge system, a color graphics terminal, and a 6-pen color plotter. Hewlett-
Packard also provides the capability to link HP-9020Cs together via local
area networks (LANs) and to host computers (IBM, DEC) via terminal emulators.

2.2.1 HP-9020C System Architecture

The system architecture of the HP-9020C has four main components; the
Central Processing Unit (CPU), a 128 Kbit Random Access Memory (RAM) chip, a
256 Kbit Dynamic RAM (DRAM) chip, and an I/O Processor ( I OP ) chip. These
four components communicate via a 36 Mbyte/sec common Memory-Processor Bus
(MPB). The chip set has self-test logic which automatically tests 99% of its
devices at power-up.

2-1

Table 2-1. HP-9020C / AN/UYK-43 Characteristics Comparison

PROCESSOR CHARACTERISTICS

AN/UYK-43

HP-9020C

Net size h,w,d in inches

72 x 19.8 x 22.32

- - - - - * -

24.5 x 21.75 x 29

Net weight

1470 - 1670 lbs.

137 - 163 lbs

j Power requirements

5.5 kw (air),

4.7 kw (water)

15.0 0 108 VAC,

11. 0A 0 198 VAC !

1

Modularity

yes

!

yes i

i

Word Size

32-bit

32-bit

Number of instructions/

! second

1520-4500 (2 CPUs)

1 micro- instruction/55

NSEC

Memory Types

Semiconductor (SC)
and Magnetic Core
(MC)

Standard Speed Ram (SSR)
and High Speed Ram (HSR)

j Memory Size

1

1

MC 32K, 32-bit
words

SC 64K - 512K,
32-bit words

SSR max 1 mbyte

HSR max 512K

! Access speed

i

j

750 NSEC for MC

450 NSEC for SC

550 NSEC

1

Hard Mathematics

Binary integer,

FP, Trig, Log,

Trig Vector Ord

FP

CPUs

2 per enclosure,

3 per enclosure

I/O Controller

1 per CPU
with 32 I/O
channel s

3 per CPU with 8 I/O
channels (expanders
a 11 owed)

I/O Chaining

yes in IOC

1

i

Intercomputer Comm

Capabi 1 i ty

yes w/CIS

yes w/CPU finstrate
board ;

Interfaces supported:

1

j

o MIL- STD 1397A
(NTDS slow)

yes

—

2-2

Table 2-1. HP-9020C / AN/UYK-43 Characteristics Comparison (Cont)

PROCESSOR CHARACTERISTICS

AN/UYK-43

HP-9020C

Interfaces supported:
(Cont)

o MIL-STD 1397B
(NTDS fast)

yes

—

o MIL-STD 1397C (ANEW)

yes

—

o MIL-STD 1397E (NTDS

Low Level )

yes

—

o RS 232C

yes

yes

o MIL-STD 1553B

yes

—

o RS 449

yes

—

Disk Support

CDC 9760 (MPP) ,

RCA, CDC MD40,

Disc File 1840 M
Dual

HP 7945A, 55 mbyte
Winchester disk w/5 1/4"

630 Kbyte double-sided
micro floppy

Tape Support

1240/1250 Mag,
1232/1532 paper,
RD-358/UYK

HP 9144A 1/4" tape
cartridge

Mean time to fault

1050 hrs

—

Mean time to repair

less than 15 min

—

Mean time between
failures

1650 hrs

—

Operator interface

system control
panel

keyboard

Hardware breakpoint
registers

8 internal

N/A

Language

ADA-(no data set)
CMS-2L, Macro/L
Assembler

Fortran 77, C, HP Pascal,

HP Basic

*

Development support

MTASS/L

Table 2-1. HP-9020C / AN/UYK-43 Characteristics Comparison (Cont)

PROCESSOR CHARACTERISTICS

AN/UYK-43

HP-9020C

Utilities

Error logging,
online fault
detection

★

l

Debug capabilities

P-History file,
break point
registers

★

Operating system

SDEX/43

Unix multiple-user/single
user or HP Basic Language
System

--- * Not available

* - Various commercial products available

N/A - Not applicable

2-4

THERMAL

printer

MEMORY

Set Physical Layout

The CPU is a 32-bit single-chip microprocessor based on a stack archi¬
tecture. It is enhanced by three floating point math chips and has a direct
address range of 500 Mbytes. An instruction set of 230 operation codes
provides operations for stack manipulation, code/data segmentation, shared
code in memory and I/O processing. The 18 MHz clock rate enables the fol¬
lowing cycle and execution rates specified in Table 2-2. The HP-9020C
processing power can be increased by adding up to two additional CPUs to the
basic configuration.

Two types of memory are supported by the HP-9020C; 512K high-speed NMOS
RAM and 1 Mbyte standard- speed commercial RAM, and can be expanded to 10
Mbytes of RAM. Each memory address contains 32 bits for data and 7 bits
which contain a code to enable the HP-9020C to detect and correct single,
double, and most multiple bit errors.

The HP-9020C I/O Processor (IOP) controls the interface between the MPB
and the eight I/O interface channels. The IOP can handle direct CPU I/O,
generate CPU interrupts, and conduct simultaneous, independant direct memory
access transactions on all 8 I/O channels. The IOP bandwidth is 5 Mbytes/sec
when multiplexed across several channels. Two additional lOPs may be added
to the HP-9020C configuration.

2.2.2 HP-9020C Operating Systems

The UNIX operating system (HP-UX), in single or multiuser versions, and
Hewlett-Packard’s (HP) BASIC Language System are the two operating systems
available with the HP-9020C. The UNIX operating system is compatible with
the programming languages: FORTRAN 77, C, HP-PASCAL, and HP-BASIC. The
HP-BASIC Language operating system is compatible with HP-BASIC.

2.2.3 HP-9020C Operational Characteristics

2.2.3. 1 Portability. The HP-9020C is 24.5 inches high, 21.75 inches wide,
29 inches in depth and weighs between 137 and 163 pounds depending on the

2-6

Table 2-2. HP-9020C Cycle and Execution Rates

0

Micro-Instruction cycle time

55 nsec.

0

Load registar from memory

550 nsec.

0

64 bit floating point multiply

1.28 msec.

0

32 bit integer multiply

1 .25 msec.

0

64 bit floating point add

1 . 17 msec.

selected configuration. Its relative small size and low weight makes it
highly portable.

2. 2. 3. 2 Cool i ng . The HP-9020C is air cooled and, according to vendor
documentation, operates effectively at temperatures ranging between 10°C and
40°C and has a humidity tolerance of 20%-80% noncondensing. The two rear
mounted cooling fans draw non-filtered room air into the rear of the display
head with the exhaust exiting through the top. In non-ADP environments dirt
and dust can collect. This (according to the POST land-based site) enables
"circuit bridging" which causes the wiring to overheat and generate smoke.
They indicate that monthly cleaning appears to alleviate the problem.

2. 2. 3. 3 Fault Isolation. Hewlett-Packard provides diagnostic software
routines for testing components of the system and to aid fault isolation.
These include: a power-up self-test, hardware LED test, system integrity
test, and function integrity test. Hewlett-Packard (according to the POST
land-based site) does not provide sufficient documentation or training to
enable users or technicians to effectively utilize these diagnostics.

2.3 AN/UYK-43 DESCRIPTION

The AN/UYK-43 is a DoD sponsored 32-bit Navy standard computer designed
to support tactical and strategic data processing. It is a full -MIL standard
modular computer which can be interfaced with a number of peripherals to
configure a complete data processing system. These peripherals include:
hard disks, papertape drives, magnetic tape drives, cartridge magnetic tape
units (CMTU) , printers, teletypes, terminals, graphic display devices, and
plotters. These peripherals are available from number of manufacturers and
come with a diverse range of capabilities.

The AN/UYK-43 is available in a Type A and Type B configuration. The
Type A is not currently used by any Navy systems, therefore; the Type B
configuration will be used in this study. Figure 2-2 illustrates the
AN/UYK-43 basic Type B computer.

2-8

2.3.1 AN/UYK-43 System Architecture

The system architecture of the AN/UYK-43 is partitioned into functional
modules that can be assembled in varying configurations to suit the process¬
ing requirement of the target application. Table 2-3 specifies a fully
populated Type B configuration which includes 2 central processing
units, 2 input./output controllers. 64 input/output channels, 10 memory
modules, 1 computer interconnect system (CIS), 2 power supplies (PS), 2
display control units (DCU), and 1 remote operator central unit (ROCU).
These modules are described below.

The CPU is a general -purpose microprogrammable controller (MPC) which
executes the AN/UYK-43 Instruction Set Architecture (ISA). The instruction
set contains more than 220 basic whole and half-word instuctions providing
operations for direct and indirect memory addressing, vari abl e- 1 ength char¬
acter addressing, and both privileged and non-privileged execution. Cache
memory, which has up to 16,384 32-bit words, is used as a high-speed buffer
between the processor and main memory. The CPU contains control, arithmetic,
and timing circuits which are utilized to process executive functions and
task programs. Nonvolatile programmable Read Only Memory (ROM) of 16K, 32K,
or 65K capacity is available for each CPU.

The Input/Output Controller contains a programmable microprocessor
dedicated to performing nonbuffered operations and a Buffer Control Unit
(BCU) dedicated to performing buffered operations. A single IOC can control
up to 32 full-duplex channels with an aggregate data throughput of three
million words per second. The IOC has the capability of addressing to four
billion words of memory (32-bit addressing). It also provides interrupt
processing, data manipulation, and channel processing external to the CPU.
The input/output adapter components of the IOC enables handling of a variety
of channel/protocol types (e.g., NTDS Slow/Fast, 1553B).

Table 2-3. Fully Populated Computer Configuration

MODULES

ENCLOSURE TYPE

B

CPU1

2

o

o

f\J

2

I/O Channels (IOAs)

64

3

Memory Modules

10

CIS

1

PS

2

DCU (1 resident in the enclosure, 1
bulkhead mounted)

2

ROCU

1

^ach CPU is capable of being configured with the computer program debug aids
and performance monitoring interface.

2

Each IOC is capable of being configured with the performance monitoring
interface.

3

Each memory module is capable of being either a 32K core or a 64K, 128K,
256K, or 512K SCM.

2-11

Two types of memory modules are available with the AN/UYK-43; 32K 32-bit
words of nonvolatile magnetic core (MC) memory and 64K to 5 1 2K 32-bit words
of semiconductor memory (SC). The MC and SC modules are interchangeable in
form and can be mixed to conform with processing requirements.

The Computer Interconnect System (CIS) extends the internal computer bus
outside the enclosure to allow a CPU in one enclosure to access memory, IOCs,
and CPUs in another enclosure without using I/O channels.

The Display Central Unit (DCU) module provides a man-machine interface,
operator panel, and display. It provides continuous status displays of each
functional module in the enclosure. It also performs a variety of tasks such
as maintenance support, operating support, and software debug support.

The Remote Operator Control Unit (ROCU) module provides operator con¬
trols and indicators to operate the CPUs and monitor the IOCs contained in
the enclosure.

2.3.2 AN/UYK-43 Operating System

Real-time system coordination of computer resources can be provided by
the Standard AN/UYK-43 Executive (SDEX/43) Operating System. SDEX/43 is
coded and maintained using the Navy standard MTASS/L program generation
package. MTASS/L is documented to MIL- STD - 1 679 requirements. Two other
available operating systems are RSS and ATEX. The system has two language
processors: the CMS-2L Compiler and the MACRO/L Assembler.

2.3.3 AN/UYK-43 Operational Characteristics

2.3.3. 1 Portabil ity . The AN/UYK-43 is 72 inches high, 19.8 inches wide,
22.32 inches in depth, and weighs between 1470 to 1670 pounds depending on
the selected configuration. The AN/UYK-43, due to its large size, weight,
and installation requirements does not lend itself towards portability
without the use of heavy-equipment (i.e. forklift).

2-12

2. 3. 3. 2 Cool inq . As previously noted, both air and water-cooling methods
are available for the AN/UYK-43. The effective operating temperature for the
AN/UYK-43 ranges from -0°C to +50°C with relative humidity of up to 95%.

2. 3. 3. 3 Fault Isolation. Fault detection is automatic with up to 99% of the
computer faults repairable by Line Replaceable Unit (LRU) replacement.
Detected faults fall into three categories: power, temperature, and logic.
Power faults are detected by monitoring main power at the primary power
supply and by monitoring functional module power at the secondary power
converters. Temperature faults are detected at each functional module
(including the DCU’s, ROCU, and the primary PS’s). Logic faults are detec¬
ted by monitoring circuitry commonly referred to as BITE (Built-In Test
Equipment). In addition to the continual monitoring of the BITE circuitry,
faults can also be detected by macroconfidence instructions and isolation can
occur by use of resident diagnostic programs. The AN/UYK-43 also has the
ability to detect and log intermittent faults.

2-13

SECTION 3

MEASURES OF EFFECTIVENESS

A Measure of Effectiveness (MOE) constitutes a quantitative means of
comparing the capabilities of various design options to enhance the mission-
related performance of a system. Reliability, maintainability, and avail¬
ability (RMA) are performance characteristics of a system that can be used to
measure the effectiveness of a system. The following paragraphs describe
these characteristics for the AN/UYK-43 and the HP-9020C.

3.1 RELIABILITY

Reliability is a measure of a system’s ability to perform its mission
despite the failure of individual components within the system. Normally,
this is characteri zed by the "Mean Time Between Failures" (MTBF). As such,
this MOE indicates the expected duration of operation after each startup.
The longer the duration, the more reliable the system. The AN/UYK-43 has an
established MTBF of 1650 hours. The HP-9020C does not have a published MTBF.

3.2 MAINTAINABILITY

Maintainability is a measure of the ease and speed with which a system
can be restored to working order after failure or system shutdown. Qualita¬
tively, this takes into account such human engineering concerns as access to
failed parts and technician training. Quantitatively, this MOE is character¬
ized by "Mean Time to Repair" (MTTR) which is the expected time before the
system can be made operational. This assumes that the system has failed and
that both necessary repair parts and trained technicians are available. The
established MTTR for the AN/UYK-43 is 15 or less minutes. The HP-9020C does
not have a published MTTR.

Navy technicians are trained to repair standardized computers like the
AN/UYK-43. These personnel are not trained to perform repairs on the
HP-9020C. A standard repair/part kit, intended to suport the HP-9020C at sea

3-1

for up to 180 days, is available from Hewlett-Packard. If a system failure
can be rectified by a board or power supply swap-out, a Navy technician
should be able to accomplish the repair. MTTR will be dependant on the Navy
technician’s ability to transfer repair knowledge of other systems to the
HP-9020C, as Hewlett-Packard does not supply training in this area.
Hewlett-Packard does provide service contracts and/or will make service
calls. The land based test site in San Diego, CA for the POST system
indicates that Hewlett-Packard’s response time to a call for service amounts
to ? few hours, although it can take days to accomplish the issuing of the
purchase order necessary to receive this service.

3.3 AVAILABILITY

Availability is the maximum amount of time a system can be expected to
be operational. This MOE is directly related to MTBF and MTTR. Availability
goes up as MTBF is increased and MTTR is decreased. This MOE will be further
modified when the "Mean Time to Start Repair" (MTTSR) is factored into the
equation. MTTSR is a volatile factor dependent on a variety of variable
logistics factors such as the time required to obtain necessary parts and to
locate a technician. Operational availability can be calculated by computing
an average based on historical data collected from a computer’s service
records. Neither the AN/UYK-43 or the HP-9020C have hard numbers on opera¬
tional availability, but inherent availability can be calculated .s:

MTBF

INHERENT AVAILABILITY = MTBF + MTTR

The inherent availability of the AN/UYK-43 approaches 100% using this
calculation. Since the MTBF and MTTR is not known for the HP-9020C, inherent
availability can not be calculated.

3-2

3.4 HP-9020C RMA ISSUES

The primary issue concerning the HP-9020C RMA characteristics is that
information about them does not appear to exist and if it does exist, it is
not available for independent evaluation and comparison with other systems’
RMA characteristics.

SECTION 4

MILITARY STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS

The list of Military Standards (MIL-STD), Military Specifications (MIL-
SPEC), Federal Standards, Department of Defense (DoD) requirements and other
guidelines published by military and non-military sources (i.e., American
Society for Testing and Materials) that may be applied to the procurement of
electronic/digital equipment is extensive. All of these standards, specifi¬
cations, and requirements may not be logically applicable to every procure¬
ment of electronic/digital equipment and therefore, may be viewed as advisory
rather than absolute when developing the End Item Specification for the
procurement of a particular system/equipment type. The requirements called
out in the standards and specifications are intended to be tailored as
required by governing regulations and as appropriate to particular systems or
equipment type, magnitude, and funding. When accompanied by supporting
rationale non-standard requirements may be modified or waived. Table 4-1
provides a partial representati ve list of the MIL-STDs, MIL-SPECs, and
requirements that apply to the procurement of electronic/digital equipment.
All of these and others were applied to the procurement of the AN/UYK-43,
which added significantly to its procurement costs. These standards were
developed to provide minimum standards for developing dependable equipment.
As indicated earlier, there is some debate about whether this dependability
is perceived or actual. And if it is actual, does the cost/benefit ratio
justify implementation of these standards.

There are three core/basic standards that can be applied to the pro¬
curement of all electronic/digital equipment. These are MIL- STD-454 , MI L -
STD-810, and MIL-HDBK-217.

MIL-STD-454 is the technical baseline for the design and construction of
electronic/digital equipment for the DoD. It covers the common requirements
to be used in military specifications for electronic/digital equipment and
calls out other documents applicable to specific requirements.

4-1

Table 4-1. Developmental Standards for Electronic/Digitial Equipment

Military Specifications

MIL-P-1 16

Preservation, Methods of

MIL-B-117

Bags, Sleeves and Tubing - Interior Packaging

MIL-S-901

Shock Test, H.I. (High Impact) Shipboard Machinery
Equipment and Systems, Requirements for

MIL-C-5015

Connector, Electrical, Circular Threaded, AN Type,
General Specifications for

MIL-C-915

Cable and Cord, Electrical, for Shipboard Use

MIL-R-6130

Rubber, Cellular, Chemically Blown

MIL-E- 16400

Electronic, Interior Communication and Navigation
Equipment, Naval Sh i (3 and Shore: General Specifi¬
cation for

MILE- 17555

Electronic and Electrical Equipment, Accessories,
and Repair Parts; Packaging and Packing of

MIL-S-19500

Semiconductor Devices, General Specification for

MIL-C-28840(EC)

Connectors, Electrical, Circular, Threaded, High
Density, High Shock Shipboard, Class D

MIL-M-38510

Microcircuits, General Specification for

MIL-C-49142

Connector, Tri -Axial, Radio Frequency, General
Specification for

MIL-B-81 705

Barrier Materials, Flexible, Electrostatic-Free,
Watervapor proof, Heat Sealable

M I L - P - 81 997

Pouches, Cushioned, Flexible, Electrostatic-Free,
Reclosable, Transparent

Table 4-1. Developmental Standards for Electronic/Digital Equipment (Cont)

Military Standards

MIL-STD- 129

Marking for Shipment and Storage

MIL-STD- 167-1

Mechanical Vibrations of Shipboard Equipment

MIL-STD-454

Standard General Requirements for Electronic
Equipment

MIL-STD-461

Electromagnetic Interference Characteristics,
Requirements for Equipment

MIL-STD-462

Electromagnetic Interference Characteristics,
Measurement of

MIL-STD-681

Identification Coding and Application of Hookup and
Lead Wire

MIL-STD-690

Failure Rate Sampling Plans and Procedures

MIL-STD-740

Airborne and Structureborne Noise Measurements and
Acceptance Criteria of Shipboard Equipment

MIL-STD-750

Test Methods for Semi-Conductor Devices

M1L-STD-758

Packaging Procedures for Submarine Repair Parts
Utilizing Transparent, Flexible, Heat Sealable Film

MIL-STD-781

Reliability Design Qualification and Production
Acceptance Tests: Exponential Disribution

MIL-STD-790

Reliability Assurance Program for Electronic Parts
Specifications

MIL-STD-810

Environmental Test Methods

MIL-STD-883

Test Methods and Procedures for Microelectronics

MIL-STD-965

Parts Control Tracking Program

MIL-STD- 1310

Shipboard Bonding, Grounding, and other Techniques
for Electromagnetic Compatibility and Safety

MIL- STD- 1326

Test Points, Test Point Selection and Interface
Requirements for Equipments Monitored by Shipboard
On-Line Automatic Test Equipment

Table 4-1. Developmental Standards for Electronic/Digital Equipment (Cont)

Military Standards (Cont)

MIL-STD-1397

Input/Output Interfaces, Standard Digital Data,

Navy Systems

MIL-STD-1472

Human Engineering Design Criteria for Military
Systems, Equipment, and Facilities

Mil itary Handbooks

MIL-HDBK-217

Reliability Prediction of Electronic Equipment

Military Publications

NAVSEA 0967-LP-597- 1011

Parts Application and Reliability Information

Manual for Navy Electronic Equipment

DoD Standards

DOD- STD -1399

Interface Standard for Shipboard Systems

DOD- STD -1686

Electrostatic Discharge Control Program

MIL-STD-810 establishes uniform environmental test methods for determin¬
ing the survivability of equipment when subjected to the effects of natural
and induced environments peculiar to military operations. It provides
environmental test methods in order to obtain, as much as possible, repro¬
ducible test results.

MIL-HDBK-217 outlines a number of procedures that can be done to aid the
process of predicting future reliability of equipment/systems and the
components of which they are comprised.

4-5

SECTION 5

CANDIDATE TEST METHODS

The Candidate Tests in this section are uniform environmental test
methods established by MIL- STD-810 and MIL-S-901 for determining the surviv¬
ability of electronic/digital equipment subjected to the effects of natural
and induced environments unique to military operations. It is important to
note that when it is known that the equipment item will encounter more severe
or less severe conditions stated in MIL- STD- 8 1 0 and MIL-S-901 tests may be
modified via the equipment specification.

The types of environmental tests to be performed on an equipment/system
are determined by its design/construction type, environmental classification;
and enclosure style. The HP-9020C is best described as a Type III, Class IV,
enclosure style B equipment/system. These categories are described as
fol 1 ows :

o Type III - commercial off-the- sh’el f equipment/ system which meets
specific military requirements.

o Class IV - located in a protected area and environmentally controlled
for human occupancy.

o Enclosure

Style B - provides protection to contained equipment/system from
mechanical damage. Ventilation openings in the side or
rear are permitted when protected by suitable louvers.
The enclosure is a integral part of the equipment/system.

Test results data on the HP-9020C are not available for the majority of
the MIL-STD-810 and MIL-S-901 environmental test requirements; and there is
no independant verification of the vendor conducted tests and published
performance data. In order to verify manufacturer claims and rationally
determine equipment suitability for shipboard use, a number of environmental

5-1

tests could be performed the HP-9020C. The purpose of the tests is not to
determine the total amount of abuse that the equipment can withstand, but to
determine if the DTC will remain functional in a Class IV environment.

Table 5-1 outlines the environmental tests and required method, proce¬
dure, and test ranges applicable to Type III, Class IV, Enclosure Style B
equipment/systems. The HP-9020C vendor published temperature, humidity, and
altitude operating ranges are listed, as well as the results of vendor con¬
ducted environmental tests. The vendor literature indicates that the shock
(pulse level) and Bench Handling tests were performed and results evaluated
according to the MIL-T-28800 standard. These tests closely correspond to
their equivilant in MIL-STD-810.

An abbreviated description of each of the environmental tests is provid¬
ed in subsequent paragraphs. MIL-STD-810 and MIL-S-901 provide precise
instructions for conducting the tests and evaluating the results.

5.1 TEMPERATURE NON-OP

The temperature test exposes an equipment/ system to high and low temper¬
ature storage conditions for a period of time prior to operation.

The high temperature test is conducted to determine the resistance of
equipment to elevated temperatures that may be encountered during service
life either in storage (without protective packaging) or under service
conditions .

The temperature chamber is raised to 7 1 °C (160°F) for a period of 48
hours with a humidity of < 15 percent and then allowed to return to the
highest temperature under which the test item is designed to operate. The
test item is then operated and evaluated in accordance with MIL-STD-810,
Section 3.2, General Requirements.

5-2

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The low temperature test is conducted to determine the effects of low
temperature on equipment during storage without protective packaging and
service use.

The temperature chamber is lowered to -57°C (-70°F) for a period of 24
hours. Then the test item is inspected. After the temperature chamber is
adjusted to the lowest temperature under which the test item is designed to
operate, the test item is operated and evaluated in accordance with
MIL- STD -810, Section 3.2, General Requirements.

5.2 TEMPERATURE/ALTITUDE OP

The temperature-altitude test is conducted to determine the ability of
equipment to operate satisfactorily under simultaneously applied varying
conditions of low pressure and high/low temperature.

The rates of temperature and pressure changes inside the temperature-
altitude chamber may not exceed 10°C (18°F) per minute and an 0.5 inch of
mercury per second. Evaluation of the test item may be performed after each
step of this test.

5.3 RELATIVE HUMIDITY

The humidity test is conducted to determine the survival ity of equipment
exposed to the effects of exposure to a warm highly humid atmosphere. This
is an exaggerated environmental test, accomplished by the continuous exposure
of the equipment to high relative humidity at cycling elevated temperatures.
These conditions impose a vapor pressure on the equipment under test which
constitutes the major force behind the moisture migration and penetration.

The humidity-temperature chamber should be arranged so as to avoid
condensation dripping on the test item and to prevent buildup of total
pressure. Air flow inside the chamber should not exceed 150 feet per minute.

5-4

Distilled, demineralized, or deionized water having a pH value between 6.0
and 7.2 at 23°C (73°F) should be used to obtain the desired humidity.

5.4 ALTITUDE NON-OP

The altitude test is conducted to determine the effects of reduced
pressure on equipment. This method is applicable for the purpose of deter¬
mining the ability of equipment to withstand reduced pressure encountered
during shipment by air and for satisfactory operation under those pressure
conditions found at high ground elevations.

The pressure in the altitude chamber should be decreased to 429.1 of Hg
(16.9 inches of Hg is 15,000 feet above sea level) at a rate not to exceed
2,000 fpm. This pressure is maintained for not less than an hour. The test
item is then evaluated according to MIL- STD- 8 1 0 , Section 3.2 General
Requirements. If a sudden loss of pressure in a cargo compartment could
cause the test item to fail in a way hazardous to the transporting vehicle
the test item is tested to withstand an altitude of 40,000 feet non¬
operating.

5.5 VIBRATION

The vibration test is performed to determine if equipment is constructed
to withstand expected dynamic vibrational stresses and to insure that per¬
formance degradations or malfunctions will not be produced by the service
vibration environment.

The test item is evaluated in terms of its survivability during trans¬
portation as secured cargo and as operating equipment aboard ship. The
shipboard vibration test is conducted as outlined in Type I of MIL-STD-167.

5-5

5.6 BOUNCE, LOOSE CARGO

This test determines if the equipment, when prepared for field use, is
capable of withstanding the vibrations normally induced during combat trans¬
portation as loose cargo. Equipment in this class is normally transported in
a transit case, combination case, or special container from which it is
removed just prior to use.

The test item is secured in its container and placed in the package
tester prescribed for this test. The package is vibrated for 1/2 hour on
each face for a total of 3 hours. The test item is then evaluated in
accordance with MIL-STD-810, Section 3.2, General Requirements.

5.7 SHOCK, PULSE LEVEL

The shock test is performed to determine if equipment is constructed to
withstand expected dynamic shock stresses and that performance degradations
or malfunctions will not be produced by the service shock environment
expected in handling, transportation, and service use.

This test calls for the test item to be dropped (outside of packing
materials) from a height of 24" on each of its 8 corners. It is then
operated and evaluated in accordance with MIL-STD-810, Section 3.2 General
Requirements.

5.8 BENCH HANDLING

This test determines the ability of equipment to withstand shocks that
may be encountered during servicing.

The chassis and front panel assembly is removed from its enlosure, as
for servicing, and placed in a suitable position for servicing on a
horizontal, solid wooden bench top at least 1-5/8 inches thick. The chassis
is then lifted to form a 45 degree angle with the bench top, or one edge of
the chassis is lifted 4 inches above the bench top. The chassis is then

5-6

dropped back freely to the bench top. This procredure is repeated for each
of the four pivot points. At the conclusion of the procedure the test item
is operated and evaluated in accordance with MIL- STD -810, Section 3.2,
General Requirements.

5.9 SHOCK, HIGH IMPACT

The purpose of this test is to determine the survivability of equipment/
systems when exposed to the effects of the severe shock which may be incurred
in wartime service.

The test item is examined after each blow to determine if any damage
occurred. The resulting data is recorded and the test continues. After the
last shock, the equipment/system is operated to evaluate its level of per¬
formance.

5.10 FUNGUS RESISTANCE

The fungus test is used to determine the resistance of equipment to
fungi and to determine if such equipment is adversely affected by fungi under
conditions favorable for their development, namely high humidity, warm atmos¬
phere, and presence of inorganic salts.

The test item is sprayed with a fine mist of mixed fungus spores. It is
then incubated for 20 hours of relative humidity at 95 +5 percent at an air
temperature of 30° + 1°C (77° + 2°F). After 28 days the test item is inspec¬
ted for evidence of fungus growth and is operated and evaluated in accordance
with MIL-STD-810, Section 3.2 General Requirements.

5.11 SALT FOG

This salt fog test is conducted to determine the resistance of equipment
to the effects of a salt atmosphere. The specified concentration of moisture
and salt is greater than is found in service.

5-7

This test is generally unreliable for comparing the corrosion resistance
of different materials or coating conditions, or for predicting their compar¬
ative service life. It is acceptable for evaluating the uniformity (i.e.,
thickness and degree of porosity) of protective coatings, metallic and
nonmetallic and different lots of the sample product, once some standard
level of performance has been established.

The test item is placed in the test chamber and exposed to salt fog for
48 hours. At the end of this period the test item is operated and evalauted
in accordance with MIL- STD - 81 0 , Section 3.2 General Requirment.

5.12 TRANSIT DROP

This procedure is used for equipment, in its transit or combination case
as prepared for field use, to determine if the equipment is capable of with¬
standing the shocks normally induced by loading and unloading of equipment.

The test item is dropped from a height of 24 inches an each of its eight
corners. Upon completion, the test item is operated and evaluated in
accordance with MIl-STD-810, Section 3.2 General Requirements.

5-8

SECTION 6
CONCLUSION

6.1 TEST APPROACHES

Environmental testing facilites are currently available within Code 90
at NOSC, San Diego. It is capable of supporting all of the MIL- STD- 8 1 0 -
MIL-S-901 described in Section 5 of this document.

If HP-9020C DTCs or other commercial DTCs are going to experience ex¬
panded use by the Navy, it may prove prudent to independently evaluate and
verify their performance capabilities under stressed environmental conditions
that may be experienced in operational use. Implementation of the tests
described in Section 5 would provide independent survivability data on DTCs
and cause their operational capabilities to become a known rather than an
unknown factor.

6-1

END

DATE

FILMED

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